• BiscuitOS 用户手册

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• Linux 社区游记

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• One More Thing ….. 🙂

• CPU Family

• SYSTEM BUS

  • Intel® FSB/BSB

  • Intel® QPI

  • Intel® UPI

  • AMD Infinity Fabric

  • Intel® RingBus

  • Intel® Mesh

• Register

• DDR(DDR4/DDR5)

• CACHE(L1/L2/L3)

• STORE BUFFER

• TLB(Translation Lookaside Buffer)

• Memory Interleaving 🙂

• 计算机硬件科普视频

• 计算机维修 DIY HOBBY

• MAKING SOFTWARE 🙂

• Build Your Dream PC – Custom Computer Configurator

• BiscuitOS AI White Paper

• LLM

  • Deepseek/Qwen

  • LLM Traning

  • LLM Fine-Tuning

  • LLM Quantization

  • LLM Inference

  • vLLM/Ollama/Pytorch

  • NVIDIA CUDA/PTX

• AiOS

  • Load/Store/Atomic Roadmap

    • GPU Direct Peer ACCESS

    • CXL-MEMORY

    • HMM(Heterogeneous Memory Management): SVM/SPM

    • Nvidia-UVM

    • VRAM-MMIO/DEVICE-ZONE

  • MEMORY READ/WRITE Roadmap

    • DMA/SGDMA/Coherent-DMA/Streaming-DMA/CMA

    • P2PDMA

    • GPU P2PDMA

    • IOMMU

    • VFIO

    • DMA-BUF

    • DMA-POOL

  • Pooling Roadmap

    • RDMA-OpenShmem

    • NvSHMEM

    • CXL Pooling/CXL-Sharing

  • Heterogeneous Other Roadmap

    • DAX/FSDAX/PMEM

    • CXL 1.0/2.0

    • MMIO/PIO

    • TIERED-MEMORY

    • NUMA

• AI Infra

  • C2C Interconnect

    • Intel QPI/UPI/MESH

    • AMD Infinity Fabric

  • Heterogeneous Interconnect

    • UALink

    • NvLink/NvSwitch/NvLink-C2C

    • UB-Mesh

    • CXL-3.0

    • IB Quantum Switch

    • RDMA

    • GPU Direct RDMA

    • PCIe/PCIe-Switch

  • Hardware

    • CPU(Intel/AMD/ARM)

    • GPU(Nvidia/AMD)

    • CXL/HBM/DDR

    • NIC

• Physical Address Space Manager

  • Physical Memory

  • UMA/NUMA

  • ZONE

  • PageTable

  • Page/Folio

  • HugePage

• Memory Allocator

  • Intel® X86 Architecture

    • X86_64 启动流程之内存初始化

    • Detecting Memory from CMOS [X86]

    • Detecting Memory from BDA [X86]

    • Detecting Memory from BIOS IVT [X86]

    • Detecting Memory from CMDLINE

    • E820 内存管理器 [X86]

    • Static Compile Memory Allocator

    • RESERVE_BRK Allocator [x86]

    • Early_Res Allocator [x86]

  • ARM Architecture(规划中)

  • RISCV Architecture(规划中)

  • Early IO/RSVD-MEM Allocator

  • Bootmem Allocator

  • MEMBLOCK Allocator

  • Buddy Memory Allocator

  • PCP Memory Allocator

  • PERCPU Memory Allocator

  • SLAB Memory Allocator

  • SLUB Memory Allocator

  • SLOB Memory Allocator

  • VMALLOC Memory Allocator

  • KMAP Memory Allocator

  • Fixmap Memory Allcator

  • CMA: Contiguous Memory Allocator

  • Permanent Mapping Memory Allocator

  • IOREMAP MMIO Memory Allocator

  • MEMREMAP Temporary Memory Allocator

  • MODULE Memory Allocator

  • DMA Memory Allocator

  • PMEM Memory Allocator

  • DMA-Pool Memory Allocator

  • ZSMALLOC Memory Allocator

  • 用户空间分配器

    • GLIBC/LIBCL: malloc/mallopt

    • 堆分配器: BRK/SBRK

    • jemalloc

    • tcmalloc

    • ptmalloc

• Virtual Address Space Manager

  • Linux Virtual Memory Space Map 🙂

  • Linear Mapping Technology

  • Kernel Large Virtual Memory Block Technology

  • MMIO/IOPORT Mapping Technology

  • Kernel Temporary Mapping Technology

  • Kernel Permanent Mapping Technology

  • Anonymous Mapping Memory

  • File-Mapping Memory

  • Shared Memory

  • THP(Transparent Huge Pages Technology)

  • HugeTLB(Huge Translation Lookaside Buffer Technology)

  • DAX Mapping Technology

  • FILE-DAX Mapping Technology

  • FPN(No-Page) Mapping Technology

  • PageFault Exception

  • COW(Copy-on-Write)

  • ZERO Page Technology

  • ZERO COPY Technology

  • GUP(Get User Page) Mechanism

  • REVERSE Mapping Mechanism

  • KSM(Kernel Samepage Merging)

  • Memory Hotplug Mechanism

  • Memory Migration Mechanism

  • Memory Compact Mechanism

  • Memory Reclaim Mechanism

  • Memory Swap Mechanism

  • Memory Compress Mechanism

  • Memory Shrink Mechanism

  • Memory Scan Mechanism

• Memory Diagnostic/Sanitizers Tools

  • Live/offline Crash Tools

  • Memory Statistical tools

  • GUN GCC Address/Memory/Leaks Sanitizers (ASAN)

  • KASAN/KMEM

  • 内存泄露

  • 内存压测工具

  • Memory UCE

  • OOM Mechanism

  • Memory RAS[Updating]

• PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect)

• PCIe(Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)

• CXL(Compute Express Link)

• HMM(Heterogeneous Memory Management)

• I/O Space

• MMIO(Memory-Mapped I/O)

• DMA(Direct Memory Access)

  • Coherent DMA

  • Streaming DMA

  • DMA-BUF

  • DMA Pool

  • CMA

  • SWIOTLB

• RDMA(Remote Direct Memory Access)

• SGDMA(Scatter-Gather Direct Memory Access)

• IOMMU(Input-Output Memory Management Unit)

• VFIO(Virtual Function I/O)

• P2PDMA(Peer-to-Peer Direct Memory Access)

• NUMA(Non-Uniform Memory Access)

  • LOCAL MEMORY

  • REMOTE MEMORY

  • NUMA BALANCING

• HBM(High Bandwidth Memory)

• DEVICE MEMORY

  • DAX(Direct Access)

  • FSDAX(File System Direct Access)

  • DIRECT-IO

  • BUFFER-IO

  • DEVICE ZONE

  • HBM/GDDR

  • VRAM

• TIERED MEMORY Technology

• NVDIMM/PMEM(Persistent Memory)

• NPU/xPU

• General Filesytem Protocl

  • POSIX Interface Layer

  • SystemCall Layer

  • Virtual Filesytem Layer(VFS)

  • Filesytem Implementation layer

    • EXT2/EXT3/EXT4

    • XFS

  • Page-CACHE Layer

  • Block I/O Layer(BIO)

  • Storage Device Driver

• High-Performance Storage

  • FUSE

  • SPDK

  • NVMe/NVMe-of

  • IO-Uring

  • Mooncake.STORE L3/L3.5 Layer

  • GPUDirect Storage(GDS)

• Extension Technologies

  • DAX

  • FSDAX

  • DirectIO

  • Buffer-IO

  • File-Mapping Mechanism

  • FADVISE(File Advise)

  • FS-ZEROCOPY(splice/vmsplice/sendfile)

  • HugeTLBFS

  • Fallocate

  • MEMFD

  • READAHEAD

  • inotify/fanotify

• Storage Hardware

  • SSD

  • HDD

  • NVIDIMM(PMEM)

  • Zoned SSD

• Linux Kenrel Network Protocol Stack

  • Socket Layer

  • Transport Layer: TCP/UDP/SCTP/DCCP

  • Network Layer: IP

  • Data Link Layer

  • Network Device Driver

• High-Performance Networking

  • DPDK

  • RDMA

  • NTB

  • FC

  • GPUDirect RDMA(GDR)

• Extension Technologies

• Networking Hardware

  • Standard Ethernet TCP/IP Fabric

  • InfiniBand(IB) and RoCEv2 Networks

  • Fibre Channel(FC) Network

• ZERO COPY Optimization

• NUMA BLANCING/SCHEDULE Optimization

• PARALLEL Optimization

• Algorithm Visualization

• Classic Kernel Data Structures

  • Classic Linked list

  • Red-Block Tree

  • Xarray

  • Radix Tree

  • Hash list

  • Hash Table

  • Interval Tree

• Performance Analysis Tools

• Reliable SeaBIOS Debug Tools

• Robust Boot-Kernel Debug Tools

• BiscuitOS Memory Fluid Tools

• Crash Kdump/Crash Live Premium Tools

• Perf Performance Anaylize Tools

• Kernel Source Code Exploration Tools

• Kprobe

• Ftrace

• eBPF

• bpftime

• Strace System Call Invoke Tools